Breast and Endocrine Diseases Clinic
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Breast Diseases
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Breast pain
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Nipple Discharge
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Breast Lumps
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Breast Cancer
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| Breast Cancer |
 Early detection and treatments are extremely important in curing breast cancer. |
| Breast Self-Exam (BSE) |
| Part A - Lying Down or in the Shower |
| Feel for any change in your breast tissue e.g. Thickening or Hard Lump |
- Put your right hand behind your head and use the pads of the three middle fingers of your left hand to examin your right breast (use soapy water if in shower)
- Press using light, medium and firm pressure in a circular motion, then follow an up and down pattern and then a wedge pattern.
- Feel for changes in your breast, above and below your collarbone and in your armpit area.
- Repeat these steps with your left breast.
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| Part B - In front of a mirror |
| Look for changes in shape, size or appearance of your breasts e.g. Dimpling, Rash or Puckering of the skin or Nipple, Nipple Discharge or Any Change from Normal |
| Inspect your breast in following ways: |
- Holding arms at sides
- Holding arm overhead
- Pressing hands on hips to tighten chest muscles
- Bending forward with hands on hips
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| Investigations for Breast Diseases |
| Breast Imaging |
| Mammography |
| Ultrasound |
| MRI |
| Biopsy |
| Receptor Assays |
| Genetic Mapping |
| Treatment and Surgical Procedures |
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Lumpectomy and Mastectomy
Oncoplastic Surgery
Chemotherapy and Radiation
Cancer Survivorship
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Thyroid and Para-Thyroid Diseases
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Hyperthyrodism or overactive thyroid
Hypothyrodism or underactive thyroid
Women and thyroid diseases related to pregnancy and infertility
Thyroid Nodules
Thyroid Cancer |
| Risk Factors: |
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Radiation Exposure
Genetic Factors
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| Types & their approaches: |
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